What is the function of adenoids and tonsils in children, and under what conditions is surgical intervention indicated?
Young children are particularly prone to seasonal illnesses, and recurring episodes may sometimes be linked to enlarged adenoids and tonsils. What should parents know about these structures, and when is surgical removal necessary?
Edita Samackaitė, an otorhinolaryngologist at Vilnius Kardiolita Hospital, explains that adenoids and tonsils are part of the immune system, playing a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, allergens, and airborne pollutants.
During illness, these lymphoid tissues enlarge due to heightened immune activity. However, after the acute phase passes, they typically shrink back to normal size without causing issues. In some cases, however, adenoids and tonsils remain overstimulated, leading to persistent enlargement and associated problems.
Symptoms such as nasal breathing difficulties, purulent nasal discharge, hearing loss, mouth breathing during the day or night, snoring, or changes in vocal tone warrant evaluation by an otorhinolaryngologist.
When symptoms persist despite medical treatment or only temporary relief is achieved, surgery may be necessary. Modern surgical intervention for adenoids and tonsils is performed based on well-defined criteria and not as a preventive measure. Timely and appropriate surgery can significantly improve a child’s quality of life and prevent further complications.
